As we have seen then texts have structure. One of the goals of text analysis is to examine how the reader or user of a text recognises that the words/phrases/sentences must be co-interpreted, that parts of the text are dependent on others. To be able to understand how texts are produced and understood we need discourse competence. Discourse decisions have grammatical implications and every grammatical decision has potential discourse implications. The patterns of text organisation are grounded in the detail of the text. Demonstratives can signal how near or close to the writer an element is, this positioning can be understood both physically but also metaphorically in terms of attitude. Sometimes that or those mean thing/s person/people we all know about (‘those strimmers’) that Monday morning feelin. The texture of the text can be examined by looking at how certain language features run through a text which may help us to make sense of a text (cohesion, reference, comparison, subtitution, elipsis, conjunction, set and fields, coherence).
Discussion
- Newmark (1988) examines the text by considering some components of the text. What are they and how do they influence the text? (A Text Book of Translation p.11-18)
- Every text has its structure which dependent one to another. Analyze the text below and translate into Bahasa Indonesia.
“If the neutrinos have broken the speed of light, then it would overturn a keystone theory from the last century of physics. That’s possible, but it’s far more likely that there is an error in the data. So let me put my money where my mouth is: if the Cern experiment proves to be correct and neutrinos have broken the speed of light, I will eat my boxer shorts on live TV. Now I’d love it if neutrinos really have exceeded the speed of light. But I’m not eating my shorts just yet. Because my money is still on Einstein. He was, after all, pretty smart. And I am not prepared to rewrite my lecture course on relativity just yet.
Khoirul Hasyim 
1. The Analysts of a Text
a translational analysis of the SL text based on its comprehension is the first stage of translation and the basis of the useful discipline of translation criticism. an appropriate training for translators, since by underlining the appropriate words they will show they are aware of difficulties they might otherwise have missed.
Two texts may describe a battle or a riot or a debate, stating the same facts and figures, but the type of ianguageused and even the grammatical structures (passive voice, impersonal verbs often used to disclaim rcsponsibilitv) in each case may be evidence of different points of view. the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. The average text for translation tends to be for an educated, middle-class readership in an informal, not colloquial style. there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone, in that an official style is likely to be factual, whilst colloquialisms and slang tend to be emotive. In translating, the effusiveness of Italian, the formality and stiffness of German and Russian, the impersonality of French, the informality and understatement of English have to be taken into account in certain types of corresponding passage. approximately the same referent may often be expressed positively, neutrally or negatively in many languages. make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated (keen to read the text), familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used. Finally, if translating a poem or an important authoritative statement, should you consider the TL reader at all, apart from concessions or cultural ^scraps’ to help him out.
consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, two critical factors in the choice of translation method. The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter. If the text is well written, Deciding what is good writing is sometimes criticised as ‘subjective1 but it is a decision, like many others, not subjective but with a subjective element. Informative texts, siarements that relate primarily to the truth, to the real facts of the matter, have to be translated in the best style that the translator can reconcile with the style of the original. in a literary text, you have to give precedence to its connotations, since, if it is any good, it is an allegory, a comment on society, at the time and now, as well as on its strict setting.
Finally, words are the ones that have no ready one-to-one equivalent in the TL; they are likely to be qualities or actions – descriptive verbs, or mental words -words relating to rhe mind, that have no cognates in the TL, The purpose of dictionaries is to indicate the semantic ranges of words as well as, through collocations, the main senses. the meaning of a completely context-determined word may appear to be remote from its no n-con textual (core) meaning there must be some link between the two meanings. much of it may be intuitive or unnecessary in the case of a particular text. A professional translator would not usually make such an analysis explicitly, since he would need to take only a sample in order to establish the properties of a text.
2. jika neutrinos telah melebihi kecepatan cahaya, maka hal itu akan membalik teori dasar fisika pada abad terakhir. hal itu mungkin terjadi karena ada kesalahan di dalam data. Saya berani bertaruh jika percobaan sebelumnya terbukti benar dan nutrinous mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan menggigit celana pendekku di TV. Sekarang saya percaya jika nutrinous benar-benar mengalahkan cahaya, tetapi saya belum menggigit celana ku, karena saya masih bertaruh dengan Einstein. Dia lah masih yang terbaik diantara semuanya, saya belum menyiapkan rangkuman relativity dari dosen.
1.@When you reading a sentences or a book, you always have a purpose why you read it. You must have understanding about the translation of the text. How you start your translating. The first step @you must get the approach that you use in process of translating, then you have to use the theory of translating to get the understanding in reading a text.Uses only a few keywords from the original, appears to be isolated from the language, simply to show what happen in real life, and it is indispensable to the translator.
@You have to decide on the likely setting: Where would the text be published in the TL? What is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc?, or Who is the client you are translating for and what are his requirements? You may have to take account of briefer titles, absence of sub-titles and sub-headings, shorter paragraphs and other features of the TL house-style,
@You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated , familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used. The three typical reader types are perhaps the expert, the educated layman, and the uninformed. You then have to consider whether you are translating for the same or a different type of TL readership, perhaps with less knowledge of the topic or the culture, or a lower standard of linguistic education.
@The last, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words. Untranslatable words are the ones that have no ready one-to-one equivalent in the TL; they are likely to be qualities or actions – descriptive verbs, or mental words -words relating to rhe mind, that have no cognates in the TL, e.g. words like ‘fuzzy’, ‘murky1, ‘dizzy’, lsnug\ lsnub’; many such English words arise from Dutch or from dialect. You underline words that you have to consider om of as well as within context, in order to establish their semantic range, their frontiers; unlike Humptv, you cannot normally decide to make any word mean what you want, and there are normally limits to the meaning of any word.
2. Jika neutrino telah melanggar kecepatan cahaya, maka akan membatalkan teori kunci dari abad terakhir fisika. Itu mungkin, tapi itu jauh lebih mungkin bahwa ada kesalahan dalam data. Jadi biarkan saya menyembunyikannya, jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutrino telah melanggar kecepatan cahaya, saya akan membuka rahasia ini pada semua orang . Nah, saya akan senang jika neutrino benar-benar telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya tidak membuka rahasia ini dulu. Karena saya masih bertaru di Einstein. Dia masih yang terbaik . dan saya belum bisa mempersiapkan rangkuman reality dari dosen.
1. Reading The Text
for two purpose: first to understand what it is about, second is to analyze it from a translator’s point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s.
2. The Intention of the text, the intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to subject matter.
3. The Intention of the translator, the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SL- text.
4. Text Styles, based on Nida there are four types of literary or non literary : Narrative , Description, Discussion, Dialogue.
5. The Readership, characteristic the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention to pay to the TL readers.
6. Stylistic Scales, there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone, in that an official style is likely to be factual, whilst colloquialisms and slang tend to be emotive.
7. Attitude, in passages making evaluations and recommendations, to assess the standards of the writer.
8. Setting, it is making several assumptions about the SL readership.
9. The Quality of the writing, the quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject matter. Language rules and prescription have nothing much to do with good writing.what matters is a fresh reflection of the reality outside language or of the writer’s mind.
10. Connotation and denotation, text connotations, an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical word. from a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction.
11. The last reading, the cultural aspect of the SL text: you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, culture word and institutional terms peculiar to the SL or third language, proper names, technical terms and untranslatable word.
the translation:
Apabila neutrino telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, Hal itu akan mematahkan teori dasar fisika dari abad terakhir. Itu mungkin saja, tetapi ini seperti lebih kepada terdapat kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutrino telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan makan celana boxer pendek saya di acara televisi secara langsung. Sekarang, saya akan senang jika neutrino benar-benar telah mematahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya tidak akan makan celana pendek saya dulu. karena saya masih bertaruh untuk Enstein. Dia adalah yang terpintar dari semua. Dan saya belum mempersiapkan untuk menulis kembali pelajaranku pada bagian relativitas.
Ayu Soraya/ 2010-E/ 107442
1. @When you reading a sentences or a book. You must have understanding about the translation of the text. How you start your translating. The first step you must get the approach that you use in process of translating, then you have to use the theory of translating to get the understanding in reading a text.
@Uses only a few keywords from the original, appears to be isolated from the language, simply to show what happen in real life, and it is indispensable to the translator.
@You have to decide on the likely setting: Where would the text be published in the TL? What is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc?, or Who is the client you are translating for and what are his requirements? You may have to take account of briefer titles, absence of sub-titles and sub-headings, shorter paragraphs and other features of the TL house-style,
@You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated (keen to read the text), familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used. The three typical reader types are perhaps the expert, the educated layman, and the uninformed. You then have to consider whether you are translating for the same or a different type of TL readership, perhaps with less knowledge of the topic or the culture, or a lower standard of linguistic education.
@finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words. Untranslatable words are the ones that have no ready one-to-one equivalent in the TL; they are likely to be qualities or actions – descriptive verbs, or mental words -words relating to remind, that have no cognates in the TL.
2.B. Jika neutrino telah memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka itu akan memecahkan teori-teori fisika sebelumnya. Itu mungkin terjadi, tapi jika terjadi kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika experimen Cern terbukti benar bahwa neutrino memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan gigit celana dalam saya di acara TV. Sekarang, aku percaya jika neutrino benar-benar memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi sampai saat ini saya belum gigit celana dalam saya. Karena saya masih bertaru pada Einstein. Dia masih yang terbaik. Dan saya belum bisa mempersiapkan rangkuman reality dari dosen.
# There are two purposes of reading a text:
1) to understand what it is about and second
2) to analyze it from a ‘translator’s* point of view
# The component of analysis text:
a. The Intention Of The Text.
b. The Intention Of The Translator
c. Text style.
d. The reader ship
e. Stylistic scales.
f. Attitude
g. Setting
hi. The Quality Of The Writing
j. Connotations and Denotations
k. The Last Reading.
# Translation:
“Jika neutrino sudah mengalahkan kelajuan cahaya itu, kemudian itu akan menjungkirkan suatu teori dasar dari abad ilmu fisika yang terakhir. Itu adalah mungkin, tetapi adalah jauh lebih mungkin bahwa ada suatu kesalahan di dalam data itu. Jadi biarkan aku bertaruh: jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutrino telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan makan celana pendek petinju ku di acara siaran TV langsung. Sekarang saya akan senang jika neutrino benar-benar sudah melewati kelajuan cahaya itu. Tetapi Aku tidak makan celana pendek ku dulu. Sebab uang ku masih pada Einstein. Ia adalah orang cerdas. Dan aku tidaklah disiapkan untuk menulis kembali ceramah kuliah ku pada relatifitas.
Nuarintiya megaputri/ 2010E/ 107693
Nur Ridho Khasanah (107533 / 2010 C)
The component of text :
(1) Reading text , two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyses it from a ‘translator’s* point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s.
(2) The intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to the subject matter.
(3) The intention of the translator usually, the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. But he may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language, rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
(4) Text styles ,following Nida, four types of (literary or non-literary) text: Narrative, Description, Discussion and Dialogue
(5) Stylistic Scales
It is some correlation between formality and emotional tone, in that an official style is likely to be factual, whilst colloquialisms and slang tend to be emotive.
(6) Attitude
In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer.
(7) Setting
Make several assumptions about the SL readership.
(8) The quality of the writing
It has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter.
(9) Connotations and Denotations
Text connotations, an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words and all texts have an ‘underlife’ (viz. as much of the personal qualities and private life of the writer as can be derived from an intuitive/analytical reading of a text), in a non-literary text the denotations of a word normally come before its connotations.
(10) The last reading
Finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words.
TRANSLATION
Jika neutron telah memutuskan kecepatan cahaya, maka akan membatalkan teori kunci dari abad trakhir fisika. Itu mungkin saja, tapi jauh lebih mungkin bahwa ada kesalahan dalam data. Jadi biarkan aku bertaruh : jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutron telah memutuskan kecepatan cahaya , saya akan makan celana boxer saya di TV. Sekarang aku akan senang jika neutro benar-benar telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya . tapi aku tidak memakan celana pendek saya dulu. Karena uang saya masih di Einstein. Dia adalah cukup cerdas, setelah semuanya. Dan saya tidak siap untuk menulis ulang kuliah saja saya pada relativitas.
Eko Lia R/ 107558/ 2010 E
analysts of a text:
1. reading the text. first, to understand what is the text about; second, to analyse it from a translator’s point of view.
2. the intention of the text, you cannot isolate the understanding of the text. the title may be remote from the contents as well as the intention.
3. the intention of the translator, identical with that of the author of the SI – text.
4. text styles, following Nida, it has four types of (literary or non-literary):
narrative, description, discussion, dialogue
5. the readership, you attempt to characterise the redership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers.
6. stylistic scales, there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone.
7. attitude, making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer.
8. setting, where would the text be published in the TL?, what is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc.
9. the quality of the writing, the quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter.
10. connotations and denotation, an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical word.
11. the last reding, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text, underline all neologism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar so the SI.
jika teori neutron berhasil memecahkan teori kecepatan cahaya, itu akan memecahkan teori fisika terdahulu. itu mungkin, tapi sejauh ini seperti kesalahan pada data. jadi saya berani bertaruh: jika percobaan Cern terbukti kebenarannya dan neutron berhasil memecahkan teori kecepatan cahaya, saya akan makan celana dalam saya di depan acara televisi secara langsung. sekarang saya menyukainya karena banar neutron memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. tapi sajauh ini saya tidak memakan celana pendek saya karena taruhan saya masih berada di Einstein, setelah semua yang dia lakukan, keren dan pintar. Dan saya belum perlu mengulang materi kuliah saya mengenai relativitas.
1. Here are the components of analysts of a text:
• Reading the text has two purposes, first to General reading to get the gist,understand what it is about. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. The second is to analysis it from point of view.
• The attention of the text this is represents the SL writer’s attitude to the subject.
• The attention of the translator is the translator know how to translate an advertisement, a notice and some instruction to formulated and written in SL.
• Text styles is narrative, description, discussion; dialogue.
• The readership is On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers
• Stylistic styles is of scale it is the scale of formality has been variously expressed.
• Attitude is in passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer
• Setting is the place that use by the writer to their story that can make imagine the reader about the situation that happen in the story
• Tthe quality of the writing
• Connotation and denotation is an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words and all texts have an ‘underlife’.
• The last reading is you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text
2. Meaning
Jika neutrino telah merusak kecepatan cahaya, kemudian hal itu akan menurunkan suatu teori dasar dari abad terakhir ilmu fisika. Itu mungkin terjadi, namun jauh lebih mungkin bahwa ada suatu kesalahan di data tersebut. Maka izinkan aku menaruh uang ku dimana mulut ku : jika Cern Eksperimen membuktikan kebenaran dan neutrino yang sudah merusak kecepatan cahaya, aku akan makan celana boxerku pada TV siaran langsung. Sekarang aku akan menyukainya jika neutrino benar-benar sudah melewati kecepatan cahaya . Tetapi aku sedang tidak makan celana pendek ku baru saja. Sebab uang ku masih pada Einstein. Ia adalah, segalanya ,sangat cerdas . Dan aku tidaklah siap untuk menulis kembali tugas kuliah ku pada relatifitas.
According to Petter Newmark (1988) is about (1) Reading the text has two purposes, first to understand what it is about. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. The second is to analysis it from point of view. (2) The attention of the text this is represents the S.L writer’s attitude to the subject. (3) The attention of the translator is the translator know how to translate an advertisement, a notice and some instruction to formulated and written in S.L. (4) Text styles is narrative, description, discussion; dialogue. (5) the readership is On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers (6) Stylistic styles is of scale it is the scale of formality has been variously expressed.
7) Attitude is in passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer (8) setting is the place that use by the writer to their story that can make imagine the reader about the situation that happen in the story (9) the quality of the writing (10) connotation and denotation is an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words and all texts have an ‘under life’. The greater the quantity of a language’s resources (11) the last reading is you should note the cultural aspect of the S.L text.
2. The translation:
“jika neutrino dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka hal itu akan mematahkan teory dasar fisika dari abad sebelumnya. Hal tersebut mungkin terjadi, namun sejauh ini sepertinya ada kesalahan dalam data. Jadi, ijinkan saya bertaruh; jika percobaan Cern terbukti benar dan neutrino memang telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan memakan celana dalam saya dalam program TV yang disiarkan secara langsung. Sekarang saya akan merasa senang jika neutrinos benar-benar telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi, hingga kini saya belum memakan celana pendek saya. Karena saya masih percaya teori Enstein. Beliau, setelah semua yang beliau lakukan, keren dan pintar. Dan saya tidak ingin mengulang materi kuliah saya tentang relativitas”.
1. The component of the text :
According to Petter Newmark (1988) is about (1) Reading the text has two purposes, first to understand what it is about. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. The second is to analysis it from point of view. (2) The attention of the text this is represents the S.L. writer’s attitude to the subject. (3) The attention of the translator is the translator know how to translate an advertisement, a notice and some instruction to formulated and written in S.L. (4) Text styles is narrative, description, discussion; dialogue. (5) the readership is On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers (6) Stylistic styles is of scale it is the scale of formality has been variously expressed.
7) Attitude is in passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer (8) setting is the place that use by the writer to their story that can make imagine the reader about the situation that happen in the story (9) the quality of the writing (10) connotation and denotation is an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words and all texts have an ‘under life’. The greater the quantity of a language’s resources (11) the last reading is you should note the cultural aspect of the S.L. text.
2. The translation: “jika neutrino dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka hal itu akan mematahkan teory dasar fisika dari abad sebelumnya. Hal tersebut mungkin terjadi, namun sejauh ini sepertinya ada kesalahan dalam data. Jadi, ijinkan saya bertaruh; jika percobaan Cern terbukti benar dan neutrino memang telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan memakan celana dalam saya dalam program TV yang disiarkan secara langsung. Sekarang saya akan merasa senang jika neutrinos benar-benar telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi, hingga kini saya belum memakan celana pendek saya. Karena saya masih percaya teori Enstein. Beliau, setelah semua yang beliau lakukan, keren dan pintar. Dan saya belum perlu mengulang materi kuliah saya mengenai relativitas”.
Puji rahayu s.
107.710
2010-C
Novia Cempaka Puetri 107659
The Analysts of a Text
READING THE TEXT
You begin the job by reading the original for two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyze it from a ‘translator’s* point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopedias, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts, always bearing in mind that for the translator the function precedes the description. Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context. In principle, everything has to be looked up that does not make good sense in its context.
THE INTENTION OF THE TEXT
In reading, you search for the intention of the text, you cannot isolate this from understanding it, they go together and the title may be remote from the content as well as the intention. He still has to translate the text, even if he has to simplify, rearrange, clarify, slim it of its redundancies, and pare it down.
THE INTENTION OF THE TRANSLATOR
The translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. But he may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language, rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
THE READERSHIP
On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers, You may try to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of the readership if these are ‘marked.
ATTITUDE
In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer. If he writes ‘good’, ‘fair*, ‘average’, are his standards-relative to the context – absolute, generally accepted in his culture, or arbitrary? Often there is only a thin line in the critical difference between a positive and a negative opinion, which is not clarified by the ‘middle’ words I have listed.
SETTING
You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated, familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used.
THE QUALITY OF THE WRITING
You have to consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, two critical factors in the choice of translation method. The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter. Informative texts, statements that relate primarily to the truth, to the real facts of the matter, have to be translated in the best style that the translator can reconcile with the style of the original.
CONNOTATIONS AND DENOTATIONS
From a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction between a non-literary and a literary text. In fact, the greater the quantity of a language’s resources expended on a text, the more difficult it is likely to be to translate, and the more worthwhile.
THE LAST READING
Finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words.
CONCLUSION
In principle, a translational analysis of the SL text based on its comprehension is the first stage of translation and the basis of the useful discipline of translation criticism. A translation critic, however, after determining the general properties – first of the text and secondly of the translation would use the underlined words as a basis for a detailed comparison of the two texts.
Translation
Jika neutrino melampaui kecepatan cahaya, yang kemudian akan mementahkan teori dasar yang telah ada sejak abad terakhir fisika. Hal ini memungkinkan, tetapi sepertinya ada kesalahan dalam teori tersebut. Jadi biarkan aku bertaruh dalam hal ini: jika percobaan Cern terbukti benar dan neutrino memang mampu melampaui kecepatan cahaya, saya menjilat ludah saya sendiri di depan orang banyak. Sekarang saya akan sangat senang jika neutrino benar – benar bisa melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tetapi saya belum menjilat ludah saya. Karena saya masih menaruh kepercayaan kepada teori Einstein. Dari semuanya, dia adalah seseorang yang paling pintar. Saya belum berpikir untuk menulis ulang materi kuliah saya mengenai teori relativitas.
1.Component of the text are
1.Reading of the text: Begin the job by reading the original for two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyse it from a ‘translator’s* point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s.
Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopaedias, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts,
Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context.
2.The intention of the text:In reading, you search for the intention of the text, you cannot isolate this from understanding it, they go together and the title may be remote from the content as well as the intention. The intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to the subject matter.
3.The intention of the translator:Usually, the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. But he may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language,
rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
4.Text styles:Following Nida, we distinguish four types of (literary or non-literary) text:
(1) Narrative,
(2) Description,
(3) Discussion,
(4) Dialogue,
5.The readership :On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterise the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers, (In the case of a poem or any work written primarily as self-expression the amount is, I suggest, very little,) You may try to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of the readership if these are ‘marked.
6.Stylistic styles:The scale of formality has been variously expressed
7.Attitude :In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer. If he writes ‘good’, ‘fair*, ‘average’, ‘competent1, ‘adequate1, ‘satisfactory1, ‘middling’, ‘poor1, ‘excellent’, are his standards-relative to the context – absolute, generally accepted in his culture, or arbitrary? Often there is only a thin line in the critical difference between a positive and a negative opinion, which is not clarified by the ‘middle’ words I have listed.
8.Setting: You have to decide on the likely setting: Where would the text be published in the TL? What is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc?, and You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated (keen to read the text), familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used.
9.The quality of writting: you have to consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, two critical factors in the choice of translation method. The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter.
10.Connotations and denotations:Bear in mind that whilst all texts have connotations, an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words
From a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction
between a non-literary and a literary text.
11.The last reading: Finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI.
2.b.Jika neutrino telah memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka itu akan memecahkan teori-teori fisika sebelumnya. Itu mungkin terjadi, tapi jika terjadi kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika experimen Cern terbukti benar bahwa neutrino memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan gigit celana dalam saya di acara TV. Sekarang, aku percaya jika neutrino benar-benar memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi sampai saat ini saya belum gigit celana dalam saya. Karena saya masih bertaru pada Einstein. Dia masih yang terbaik. Dan saya belum bisa mempersiapkan rangkuman reality dari dosen.
Ayu karismawati/ 107674
The Analysts of a Text
READING THE TEXT
General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopedias, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts, always bearing in mind that for the translator the function precedes the description. Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context. In principle, everything has to be looked up that does not make good sense in its context.
THE INTENTION OF THE TEXT
In reading, you search for the intention of the text, you cannot isolate this from understanding it, they go together and the title may be remote from the content as well as the intention. He still has to translate the text, even if he has to simplify, rearrange, clarify, slim it of its redundancies, and pare it down.
THE INTENTION OF THE TRANSLATOR
The translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. But he may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language, rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
THE READERSHIP
On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers, You may try to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of the readership if these are ‘marked.
ATTITUDE
In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer. If he writes ‘good’, ‘fair*, ‘average’, are his standards-relative to the context – absolute, generally accepted in his culture, or arbitrary? Often there is only a thin line in the critical difference between a positive and a negative opinion, which is not clarified by the ‘middle’ words I have listed.
SETTING
You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated, familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used.
THE QUALITY OF THE WRITING
You have to consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, two critical factors in the choice of translation method. The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter. Informative texts, statements that relate primarily to the truth, to the real facts of the matter, have to be translated in the best style that the translator can reconcile with the style of the original.
CONNOTATIONS AND DENOTATIONS
From a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction between a non-literary and a literary text. In fact, the greater the quantity of a language’s resources expended on a text, the more difficult it is likely to be to translate, and the more worthwhile.
THE LAST READING
Finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words.
CONCLUSION
In principle, a translational analysis of the SL text based on its comprehension is the first stage of translation and the basis of the useful discipline of translation criticism. A translation critic, however, after determining the general properties – first of the text and secondly of the translation would use the underlined words as a basis for a detailed comparison of the two texts.
Translation
Jika Neutrino telah mematahkan teori kecepatan cahaya,maka hal itu akan membalikkan teori dasar fisika dari abad terakhir. Itu mungkin saja, namun kemungkinan lebih jauh lagi terdapat kesalahan pada data. Jadi mari bertaruh : jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutrino telah mematahkan teori kecepatan cahaya. Aku akan memakan celana boxer ku diacara siaran langsung TV. Saat ini aku merasa senang jika Neutrino benar – benar telah mematahkan teori kecepatan cahaya. Namun aku tidak akan memakan boxer ku dulu. Karena aku masih mempercayai Einstein. Dia masih yang paling hebat diantara yang lain. Dan aku belum menulis ulang tugas kuliah tentang teori relativitas.
1.
READING THE TEXT
Begin the job by reading the original for two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyse it from a ‘translator’s* point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s.
Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopaedias, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts,
Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context.
THE INTENTION OF THE TEXT
In reading, you search for the intention of the text, you cannot isolate this from understanding it, they go together and the title may be remote from the content as well as the intention. The intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to the subject matter.
THE INTENTION OF THE TRANSLATOR
Usually, the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text. But he may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language,
rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
THE INTENTION OF THE TEXT
In reading, you search for the intention of the text, you cannot isolate this from understanding it, they go together and the title may be remote from the content as well as the intention.
TEXT STYLES
Following Nida, we distinguish four types of (literary or non-literary) text:
(1) Narrative,
(2) Description,
(3) Discussion,
(4) Dialogue,
STYLISTIC STYLES: The scale of formality has been variously expressed
THE READERSHIP
On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterise the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers, (In the case of a poem or any work written primarily as self-expression the amount is, I suggest, very little,) You may try to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of the readership if these are ‘marked.
ATTITUDE
In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer. If he writes ‘good’, ‘fair*, ‘average’, ‘competent1, ‘adequate1, ‘satisfactory1, ‘middling’, ‘poor1, ‘excellent’, are his standards-relative to the context – absolute, generally accepted in his culture, or arbitrary? Often there is only a thin line in the critical difference between a positive and a negative opinion, which is not clarified by the ‘middle’ words I have listed.
SETTING
You have to decide on the likely setting: Where would the text be published in the TL? What is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc?, and You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated (keen to read the text), familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used.
THE QUALITY OF THE WRITING
Vou have to consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, two critical factors in the choice of translation method. The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter.
CONNOTATIONS AND DENOTATIONS
Bear in mind that whilst all texts have connotations, an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words
From a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction
between a non-literary and a literary text.
THE LAST READING
Finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI.
TL
2.Jika neutrino telah memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka itu akan memecahkan teori-teori fisika sebelumnya. Itu mungkin terjadi, tapi jika terjadi kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika experimen Cern terbukti benar bahwa neutrino memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan gigit celana dalam saya di acara TV. Sekarang, aku percaya jika neutrino benar-benar memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi sampai saat ini saya belum gigit celana dalam saya. Karena saya masih bertaru pada Einstein. Dia masih yang terbaik. Dan saya belum bisa mempersiapkan rangkuman reality dari dosen.
There are two purposes of reading, first to make understand what is talking about; second to do analyze it from translator point of view, we have to determine the intention and the way it is written to make decision a suitable translation method.
The intention of the text:
The translator has to search for the intention of the text; one word can be difference meaning in SL context, because the intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to the subject matter.
The intention of the translator
Similarly, the translator’s intention is same with that of the author of SL-text, but one translator’s intention can be different from other translators because the explanation may be larger than reproduction.
Text styles
1) Narrative
2) Description
3) Discussion
4) Dialogue
The Readership
The translators have to know about who is the TL-readers, and they have to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of the readership of these are marked.
Stylistic scales
We have to consider that there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone.
Attitude
The translator has to assess the standards of the writer.
Setting
The translator has to decide on likely setting: where would the text be published in the TL? The translator has to make some assumptions about TL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself.
The quality of the writing
the translator has to consider the quality of the writing and the authority of the text, it is for the choice of translation method.
Connotations and Denotations
Anon-literary text the denotations of a word normally come before its connotations. But the translator has to give precedence to its connotations.
The last reading
The translator has to know about the cultural aspect of the SL text, underlining all neologism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional term peculiar to the SL.
The translation
Jika Neutron dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka hal itu akan mematahkan teory dasar fisika abad sebelumnya. Hal tersebut mungkin terjadi, namun sejauh ini sepertinya ada kesalahan data. Jadi, saya berani bertaruh; jika percobaan Cern terbukti benar dan neutron memang telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan memakan celana dalam saya dalam program TV yang disiarkan secara langsung. Sekarang saya akan merasa senang jika neutron benar-benar telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi, hingga kini saya belum memakan celana pendek saya. Karena saya masih percaya teori Enstein. Dia, setelah semua yang beliau lakukan, keren dan pintar. Dan saya tidak perlu mengulang materi kuliah saya mengenai relativitas”
2010-E – 107651
1. The Analysts of a Text
A. READING THE TEXT
Two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyse it from a translator’s point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s.Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopaedias, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts.Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context.
B. THE INTENTION OF THE TEXT
It is uses only a few key words from the original, appears to be isolated from the language, simply to show what happens in real life, and it is indispensable to the translator.
C. THE INTENTION OF THE TRANSLATOR
The translator may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language, rather than how to adapt them in order to persuade or instruct a new TL reader-ship.
D. TEXT STYLES
Four types of (literary or non-literary) text:Narrative, Description, Discussion and Dialogue.
E. THE READERSHIP
The student-translators instead of the readership they are translating for; they may epitomise their degree of knowledge and interest in the subject and the appropriate culture, i.e. how motivated they are.
F. STYLISTIC SCALES
The scale of formality has been variously expressed like: Officialese, Official, Formal, Neutral, Informal, Colloquial, Slang, and Taboo.
Scale of generality or difficulty: Simple, Popular, Neutral (using basic vocabulary only), Educated, Technical, Opaquely technical (comprehensible only to an expert).
Scale of emotional tone: Intense, Factual, Understatement.
G. ATTITUDE
In passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer.
H. SETTING
You have to decide on the likely setting.
You may have to take account of briefer titles, absence of sub-titles and sub-headings, shorter paragraphs and other features of the TL house-style,
You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership.
The three typical reader types are perhaps the expert, the educated layman, and the uninformed.
I. THE QUALITY OF THE WRITING
The Expressive texts, i.e. serious imaginative literature and authoritative and personal
statements, have to be translated closely, matching the writing, good or bad, of the
original. Informative texts, siarements that relate primarily to the truth, to the real facts of
the matter.
J. CONNOTATIONS AND DENOTATIONS
From a translator’s point of view this is the only theoretical distinction between a non-literary and a literary text. In fact, the greater the quantity of a language’s resources (e.g. polysemy, word-play, sound-effect, metre, rhyme) expended on a text, the more difficult it is likely to be to translate, and the more worthwhile.
K. THE LAST READING
See a translation problem, and bear in mind that it is often helpful to study such an item first in context, then in isolation, as though it were a dictionary or an encyclopaedia entry only, and finally in context again.
2. Jika netron memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, hal itu akan memecahkan teori-teori fisika sebelumnya. Itu mungkin terjadi, tetapi sepertinya ada kesalahan dalam teori tersebut. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika experimen CERN terbukti benar bahwa netron memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan makan celana boxer saya di acara tv. Sekarang, aku percaya jika nitro benar-benar memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi sampai saat ini saya belum memakan celana boxer saya. Karena aku masih percaya pada Einstein. Einsteinlah yang terpintar. Dan saya tidak siap untuk menulis ulang materi relativitas.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Newmark (1988) examines the text by considering some components of the text, they are :
•> The purpose of reading text.
They are to understand what it is about and to analyse it from a translator’s point of view.
•> Consider about its intention.
the way it is written for the purpose of selecting suitable translation methods and identifying particular and recurrent problems.
•> Text Style.
By distinguish 4 types: Narrative, Description, Discussion, Dialog.
•> The Readership.
attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention translator have to pay to the TL readers.
•> Principles Stylistic Scales.
•> Attitude.
Making an evaluations and recomendations, and have to assess the standards of the writer.
•> Setting.
Have to decide on the likely setting (where, what, who).
•> Quality of the writing.
Have to consider the quality of the writer and the authority of the text.
•> Connotations and denotations
•> The last reading.
You should note the cultural aspect of the SL text: you should underline all neolgism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SL.
Translate of the last pharagraf above :
“Jika neutron telah melemahkan kecepatan cahaya, lalu dia akan mengganti teori dasar Fisika di akhir abad. Itu mugkin saja terjadi, tapi ini lebih pada adanya kesalahan data. Jadi biarkan saya bertaruh : jika penelitian Cern terbukti benar dan neutrn telah merusak kecepatan cahaya, saya akan memakan celana tinju saya secara live di TV. Sekarang sayaakan senang jika nutron benar-benar telah merusak kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya belum akan memakan celana tinju saya.Karena taruhan saya masih pada Einstein. Dia, secara keseluruhan, sangat pintar. Dan saya belum perlu mengulang materi kuliah saya mengenai relativitas”.
1. @When you reading a sentences or a book. You must have understanding about the translation of the text. How you start your translating. The first step you must get the approach that you use in process of translating, then you have to use the theory of translating to get the understanding in reading a text.
@Uses only a few keywords from the original, appears to be isolated from the language, simply to show what happen in real life, and it is indispensable to the translator.
@You have to decide on the likely setting: Where would the text be published in the TL? What is the TL equivalent of the SL periodical, newspaper, textbook, journal, etc?, or Who is the client you are translating for and what are his requirements? You may have to take account of briefer titles, absence of sub-titles and sub-headings, shorter paragraphs and other features of the TL house-style,
@You have to make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, you should assess whether the readership is likely to be motivated (keen to read the text), familiar with the topic and the culture, and ‘at home’ in the variety of language used. The three typical reader types are perhaps the expert, the educated layman, and the uninformed. You then have to consider whether you are translating for the same or a different type of TL readership, perhaps with less knowledge of the topic or the culture, or a lower standard of linguistic education.
@finally, you should note the cultural aspect of the SL text; you should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and Untranslatable’ words. Untranslatable words are the ones that have no ready one-to-one equivalent in the TL; they are likely to be qualities or actions – descriptive verbs, or mental words -words relating to remind, that have no cognates in the TL.
2.B. Jika neutrino telah memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka itu akan memecahkan teori-teori fisika sebelumnya. Itu mungkin terjadi, tapi jika terjadi kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika experimen Cern terbukti benar bahwa neutrino memecahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan gigit celana dalam saya di acara TV. Sekarang, aku percaya jika neutrino benar-benar memecahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi sampai saat ini saya belum gigit celana dalam saya. Karena saya masih bertaru pada Einstein. Dia masih yang terbaik. Dan saya belum bisa mempersiapkan rangkuman reality dari dosen.
The Analysts of a Text
1. Reading
The Purpose:
– Make understand what is talking about
– Analyze the text it from a translator’s point of view
With reading we can understand about the text,the subject and the concepts in the text.
2. The Intention of The Translator
It is uses only a few key words from the original, appears to be isolated from the language and the translator’s intention is same with that of the author of the text.
3. Text Style
There are 4 types of (literary or non-literary):
1) Narrative
2) Description
3) Discussion
4) Dialogue
4. The Readership
The translators have to know about who is the TL-readers, and they have to assess the level of education, their degree of knowledge and interest in the subject and the appropriate culture.
5. Stylistic scales
We have to consider that there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone.
6. Attitude
The translator has to assess the standards of the writer.
7. Setting
Setting can make several assumptions about the SL readership. From the setting of the SL text, as well as the text itself, where you should assess whether the readership to published in the TL.
8. The quality of the writing
The quality of the writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and the requirements of the subject-matter.And the translator has to consider the quality of the writing text.
9. Connotations and Denotations
This is only theoretical distinction between a non-literary text and a literary text. non-literary text is the denotations of a word normally come before its connotations. But the translator has to give precedence to its connotations.
10. The last reading
The translator has to know about the cultural aspect of the SL text, underlining all neologism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional term peculiar to the SL.it is often helpful to study such an item first in context.
The translation:
“jika neutrino dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka hal itu akan mematahkan teory dasar fisika dari abad sebelumnya. Hal tersebut mungkin terjadi, tetapi sepertinya ada kesalahan dalam data. Jadi, saya akan bertaruh; jika percobaan Cern terbukti benar dan neutrino memang telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan menggigit celana dalam saya dalam program TV yang disiarkan secara langsung. Sekarang saya percaya jika neutrinos benar-benar telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tapi, hingga kini saya belum menggigit celana dalam saya. Karena saya masih percaya teori Einstein. Dialah yang masih terbaik. Dan saya belum perlu menulis ulang materi kuliah saya mengenai relativitas”.
The analysis of text’
Reading the text:there are two purposes
a.understand about the text
b.analyse from a translator which is not the same as a linguist or a literaty critics,we have to determine the intention and the way it is writen for selecting a suitable trenslation method.
The Intention of the text, the intention of the text represents the SL writer’s attitude to subject matter.
The intention of the translator,that identical with the author.may be translating an advertisement, a notice, or a set of instructions to show his client how such matters are formulated and written in the source language.
THE READERSHIP is the basis of the variety of language used in the original,that we attempt to characterize the readership of the original, translation, to decide how much attention we have to pay to the TL reader,.
TEXS STYLES :Following Nida, we distinguish four types of (literary or non-literary) text:
Narrative, Description, Discussion,and Dialogue.
Stylistic scales :there are some correlation between formal and emotion tone in that on official style is likel to be factual which colloquialism and slang to be emotive,so We have to consider that there is some correlation between formality and emotional tone.
Attitude,In passages making evaluations and recommendations, we have to assess the standards of the writer.
The quality of writing We have to consider the quality of writing and the authority of the text,two critical factors in the choise of translation method.
Conotation and denotation is All texts have both connotation and denotation. Connotation is an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words, while denotation is the opposite, it is usually relates to the lexical meaning or we commonly call them as semantic meaning.
The last reading. Translator should note the cultural aspect of the SL text. We should underline all neologisms, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SI. or third language, proper names, technical terms and untranslatable words.
Conclution:the traditional analydid of the SL text based on the comprehension id the firs stage and basis of the useful discipline of translation crotism
.Translate: Jika neutrin dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka dapat mematahkan teori dasar fisika pada abad terakhir. Hal itu mungkin terjadi, namun sepertinya ada kesalahan pada data tersebut. Jadi, saya berani bertaruh jika percobaan terbukti benar dan neutrin dapat mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan mengenakan celana pendek pada siaran langsung di televisi. Kali ini saya akan bangga jika neutrin sungguh telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Namun saya belum melakukan taruhan saya. Karena saya masih memegang teori Einstein. Dia adalah ilmuan yang cerdas setelah lainnya. Dan saya belum siap untuk menyalin tugas dari dosen saya.
Acccording to Petter Newmark (1988) about components of analysts of the text.
1. The analysis of a text: reading the original for two purposes: first, to understand what it is about; second, to analyse it from a ‘translator’s* point of view, which is not the same as a linguist’s or a literary critic’s. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. General reading to get the gist; here you may have to read encyclopaedi as, textbooks, or specialist papers to understand the subject and the concepts, Close reading is required, in any challenging text, of the words both out of and in context. In principle, everything has to be looked up that does not make good sense in its context.
text styles, the translator’s intention is identical with that of the author of the SI – text: four types of (literary or non-literary) text :
1. Narrative: a dynamic sequence of events, where the emphasis is on the verbs.
2. Description: which is static, with emphasis on linking verbs, adjectives, adjectival nouns.
3. Discussion: a treatment of ideas, with emphasis on abstract nouns (concepts), verbs of thought,
mental activity (‘consider, argue’, etc.), logical argument and connectives.
4. Dialogue: with emphasis on colloquialisms and phaticisms.
2. The SL
If the neutrinos have broken the speed of light, then it would overturn a keystone theory from the last century of physics. That’s possible, but it’s far more likely that there is an error in the data. So let me put my money where my mouth is: if the Cern experiment proves to be correct and neutrinos have broken the speed of light, I will eat my boxer shorts on live TV. Now I’d love it if neutrinos really have exceeded the speed of light. But I’m not eating my shorts just yet. Because my money is still on Einstein. He was, after all, pretty smart. And I am not prepared to rewrite my lecture course on relativity just yet.
the translating:
Apabila neutron telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, Hal itu akan menjatuhkan teori dasar fisika dari abad terakhir. Itu mungkin saja, tetapi mungkin sejauh ini terdapat kesalahan pada data. Jadi saya bertaruh: jika percobaan CERN terbukti benar dan neutron telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan makan celana boxer pendek saya di acara televisi secara langsung. Saat ini, saya senang jika neutron benar benar telah merusak kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya tidak akan makan celana boxer pendek saya dulu. karena saya masih mempercayai Enstein. Dia adalah yang paling cerdas dari semua. Dan saya belum mempersiapkan untuk menulis kembali pelajaranku pada bagian relativitas.
(Fatchusaniati/107.631/2010E).
1. the component of the text and the influence.
– reading the text: understand the text so the translator will translate by pay attention to the text point of view
– the intention of the text: the intention of the text are to the SL that use by the reader
– the intention of the translator: the translation are made by translator thought and have to not to return to the original text
– text style: narrative, description, discussion dialogue
– the readership: he most common variety of marked error in register among student translator tend to be colloquial and intimate
– stylistic scale: it is about formality and informality which separated emotional
– attitude in passages making evaluation and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer
– setting: the depending translation are from here, by look at the text take place
– the quality of writing: the quality of writing has to be judged in relation to the author’s intention and/or the requirements of the subject-matter
– connotation: and denotation: the idea of the text which is true meaning or another meaning
– the last reading: culture aspect of the SL text, and underline allneologism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SL
2. ketika nutreon telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, kemudian ini akan menjatuhkan teori kunci dari abad terakhir fisika. hal itu mungkin, tapi ini jauh lebih mungkin ada sebuah kesalahan pada data. jadi izinkan aku bertaruh dengan berkata: jika penelitian CERN terbukti benar dan nutreon telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, aku akan memakan celana boxer ku secara langsung di TV. Kini aku percaya jika nutreon benar-benar telah melebihi kecepatan cahaya. namun aku belum makan celana dalam ku sekarang. karena taruhanku masih pada Einstein. dia adalah seorang yang sangat cerdas. dan aku belum dipersiapkan untuk menulis ulang mata kuliah tentang teori relativitas.
Ahmad Saifudin/ 2010-C/107561
In principle, a translational analysis of the SL text based on its comprehension is the first stage of translation and the basis of the useful discipline of translation criticism. To fact, such an analysis is, I think, an appropriate training for translators, since by underlining the appropriate words they will show they are aware of difficulties they might otherwise have missed. Thus you relate translation theory to its practice. A professional translator would not usually make such an analysis explicitly, since he would need to take only a sample in order to establish the properties of a texi. A translation critic, however, after determining the general properties – first of the text and secondly of the translation (both these tasks would centre in the respective intentions of translator and critic) – would use the underlined words as a basis for a detailed comparison of the two texts. To summarise, you have to study the text not for itself but as something that may have to be reconstituted for a different readership in a different culture
Jika nutrien telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka akan menghapuskan teori fisika yang terbaru. Hal itu bisa saja terjadi jika dimungkinkan ada kesalahan. Jadi biarkan saya berpendapat jika penelitian cern terbukti benardan nutrien telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan menyangkalnya. Sekarang saya lebih suka jika nutrisi mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tetapi saya belum menunjukkannya.Karena pendapat itu masih milik Eistein. Lagipula dia, bagaimanapun sangat cerdas. Dan saya belum siap menulis kembali tentang teori relativitas.
1. According to Newmark (1988), there are some components for analyzing the text. They are as follows:
a. Reading the text
Reading the text has two purposes, first understand and second analyse the text based on the translator’s view. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading.
b. The intention of the text
We have to know what the purpose of the text first, because it show us the writer’s attitude which related to the subject matter.
c. The intention of the translator
The translator’s intention is similar with the author, but sometimes the translation may be longer than it should be.
d. Text style
Based on Nida, there are four types of the text, i.e. narrative, descriptive, discussion and dialogue.
e. The readership
We have to know who will read the translation of the text in TL.
f. Stylistic scale
We should know the relationship between formality and emotional tone.
g. Attitude
assess the standards of the writer.
h. Setting
Know where and for whom the text of translation will be published and read.
i. The quality of the writing
Consider the relation between the author’s intention and the requirements of the subject-matter
j. Connotations and denotations
Denotation of the word comes before its connotations.
k. The last reading
Make a note the cultural aspect of the SL text.
2. Jika teori neutrino melampaui kecepatan cahaya, maka hal ini akan menjatuhkan teori dasar dari abad sebelumnya. Ini mugkin, tapi jauh lebih mungkin bahwa ada sebuah kesalahan di dalam data. Jadi menurut pendapat saya jika uji coba yang dilakukan Cern terbukti benar dan neutrino benar melampaui kecepatan cahaya, saya akan menyangkalnya pada siaran langsung di TV. Sekarang saya merasa senang jika neutrino benar melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya belum menyangkal akan hal ini. Karena saya masih percaya pada Einstein. Dia adalah ilmuwan hebat. Dan saya tidak akan merevisi pelajaran dari relativitas.
1. The component of the text :
• reading the text:
understand the text and analyze the text from a translator’s point of view
• the intention of the text:
the intention of the text are to the SL that use by the reader or the author of the text.
• the intention of the translator:
the translation of the translation are identical with the author, and written in the source language.
• text style:
narrative, description, discussion and dialogue.
• the readership:
the variety of language to characterize the readership of the original, translation, to decide how much attention we have to pay to the TL reader.
• stylistic scale:
it is about some correlation formality and informality which separated emotional tone.
• Conotation and denotation:
• Connotation is an ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words. Denotation is the opposite, it is relates to the lexical meaning or we commonly call them as semantic meaning.
• the quality of writing: there are two critical factors in the choise of translation method.
• the last reading: translator should note the culture aspect of the SL text, and underline allneologism, metaphors, cultural words and institutional terms peculiar to the SL.
2. translate:
Jika nutrien telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, maka akan menghapuskan teori fisika yang terbaru. Hal itu bisa saja terjadi, jika ada kesalahan. Jadi biarkan saya berpendapat: jika penelitian Cern terbukti benar dan nutrien telah mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya, saya akan mengelak. Sekarang saya suka jika nutrisi mengalahkan kecepatan cahaya. Tetapi itu adlah pendapat Eistein. Bagaimanapun dia, sangat cerdas. Dan saya belum siap menulis kembali tentang teori relativitas.
1. The component of the text :
According to Petter Newmark (1988) is
(1) Reading the text has two purposes, first to understand what it is about. Understanding the text requires both general and close reading. The second is to analysis it from point of view.
(2) The attention of the text this is represents the S.L. writer’s attitude to the subject.
(3) The attention of the translator is the translator know how to translate an advertisement, a notice and some instruction to formulated and written in S.L.
(4) Text styles is narrative, description, discussion; dialogue.
(5) the readership is On the basis of the variety of language used in the original, you attempt to characterize the readership of the original and then of the translation, and to decide how much attention you have to pay to the TL readers
(6) Stylistic styles is of scale it is the scale of formality has been variously expressed.
(7) Attitude is in passages making evaluations and recommendations, you have to assess the standards of the writer
(8) setting is the place that use by the writer to their story that can make imagine the reader about the situation that happen in the story
(9) the quality of the writing
(10) connotation and denotation is an aura of ideas and feelings suggested by lexical words and all texts have an ‘under life’. The greater the quantity of a language’s resources
(11) the last reading is you should note the cultural aspect of the S.L. text.
How it influence the text: that the text purpose is to inform the reader what the writer mean. that component also make the sentences look beautiful. with connotation or denotations. also make the plot look easy to understand.
2. SL: If the neutrinos have broken the speed of light, then it would overturn a keystone theory from the last century of physics. That’s possible, but it’s far more likely that there is an error in the data. So let me put my money where my mouth is: if the Cern experiment proves to be correct and neutrinos have broken the speed of light, I will eat my boxer shorts on live TV. Now I’d love it if neutrinos really have exceeded the speed of light. But I’m not eating my shorts just yet. Because my money is still on Einstein. He was, after all, pretty smart. And I am not prepared to rewrite my lecture course on relativity just yet.
TL: Jika neutron dapat melampaui kecepatan cahaya, maka kejadian tersebut akan mematahkan teori dasar terbaru dalam bidang fisika. Hal itu bisa saja terjadi, tapi sejauh ini masih ada beberapa kesalahan pada data yang ada. Jadi biarkan saya berpendapat: jika penelitian Cern terbukti benar dan neutron telah melampaui kecepatan cahaya, saya akan mengakuinya didepan banyak orang. Namun saya juga akan menyukai hal tersebut, yakni jika neutron berhasil melampaui kecepatan cahaya. Tapi saya belum akan mengakuinya. Karena saya masih sependapat dengan Eistein. Bagaimanapun beliau sangatlah cerdas. Dan saya belum siap untuk menulis ulang teori tentang relativitas.